N

National Ketman, 61–63

national road to socialism, 61–62

nationalism in

Poland, 144, 145, 147

Stalinism, 240–246

natural, the known order viewed as, 25–26, 29–30

Nazism, 132, 203

Neruda, Pablo, 152, 234, 251

New Faith. See Stalinism

"new man," 10, 75–76, 208, 217, 239–240, 249

NKVD (Soviet People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs), 151, 152, 156, 157, 165, 227

O

Orwell, George, 42

P

paper trail, and history, 224

the Party (Polish, other Communist parties)

admission to, 75, 107

asceticism, 75

as a church, 207

compromising with, 110

friendship vs. interests of the Revolution, 77

literature, effect on, 129, 130–131

its power, basis of, 219–220

proletariat equated to, 217

Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich, 206–207

Peasant Party (Poland), 100, 169

peasants

in people's democracies, 67, 193–195, 205

religion, ties to, 7, 8

people's democracies

acting in daily life, 54–57

boundary between man and society lacking in, 218

bureaucracy, 196, 197

Christianity, Christians, 208–209, 210–212

cities, 66–67

"clubs," 197–199

coercion, 12–13

collectivization, 164, 193–194

Communists in compared to Communists in the West, 234, 235–236

Communists vs. non-Communists irrelevant in, 204

cosmopolitanism, 43–44, 46–47

émigré politicians, impact of, 205

enemies, identifying, 191–192

fatalism, 205

fear in, 239–240

feeling of fiction in, 245

hatred in, 205, 212, 239

imitating foreign culture, 45–46

informing in, 48, 60, 76, 194

intellectual life, 78–79

intellectuals in (see people's democracies, intellectuals in) [on this page]

intelligentsia in (see intelligentsia)

life psychically unbearable, 215

peasant culture, 67

peasants, 193–195, 205

people (see people's democracies, people in) [on this page]

poetry in, 11–12, 56, 74

political parties (see the Party) [on this page]

prices, 196

religion, 72–73, 205–209, 212

as Russian provinces, 18–19, 196

people's democracies (continued)

schools in, 199

social advancement, 196

spontaneity lacking, 245

strikes, 197

terror prolonged, 234–235, 238–239

trade unions, 197

unemployment, 195

values destroyed by WW2, 25–29

people's democracies, intellectuals in

acceptance of Stalinism, reasons for, 7–20, 41, 50–51, 52–53

case studies, 191 (see also Alpha; Beta; Delta; Gamma)

cosmopolitanism of, 47–48

disdain for Western Communists, 20

disdain for Western culture, 37–39, 40–41

effect of convincing arguments, 12–14

emotional luxuries eliminated, 41

fear of thinking for themselves, 11–12

function, 52

hatred of the bourgeoisie, 9–11

historical fatalists, 16

inquisitors compared to, 11

longing for federation of equal nations, 18–19

longing for social usefulness, 8

looking to the West for something, 37, 40, 47

Orwell, their fascination with, 42

right-wing movements, uninterested in, 8

Russia's downfall expected, 48–49

self-annihilation, tendency toward, 131

survival of old moral and aesthetic values, 20–22

the West, attitude toward, 33–34, 52

people's democracies, people in

Americanism and Nazism equated, 31

Baltic States' fate viewed as omen, 245–246

capitalism, disbelief in, 39–40

capitalism, pursuit of, 192–193

contradictions, coping with, 54

flee, those who, 215

future prosperity, disbelief in, 33

Germany, Germans, hatred and respect for, 61–62

as human material, 244

hunger for strangeness, 67

law in the West, their view of, 31–33

as "loyalists" or "criminals," 209

peasants, 193–195, 205

petty bourgeoisie, 192–193, 205

philosophy's effects, realization of, 3, 213, 221

propertied class, 192

Russia, Russians, fear and disdain for, 62

scientific supremacy, belief in their impending, 34–35

shock workers, 195

United States, Americans, their view of, 25, 29, 31–33

the West, expectations of violent change in, 29–30

Western disdain for Eastern Europe, resentment of, 44–45

workers, 195–197

petty bourgeoisie, 192–193, 205

philosophy

its effects realized, 3, 213, 221

inaccessible to laymen, 7–8

religion's replacement, 7–8

Pilsudski, Józef Klemens, 144

Plekhanov, Georgy, 50

poetry

in people's democracies compared to in the West, 11–12, 56, 175

Polish wartime, 113

revolutionary, 237–238

Poland, Poles

anti-Semitism, 85, 89, 138, 183

army formed in Russia, 157–158, 159

army officers interned in Russia, 156

Catholicism, 72–73, 84–85

collectivization, 164

Communism, Communists, 92–93, 99–100, 104, 147–148, 152

decorative arts, 68

deportees to Russia, 151–152, 154, 155, 157, 232

German occupation, occupiers, 87–88, 111–112, 164

Government-in-Exile, 89, 94, 95, 96, 101, 155, 160

Government-in-Exile's army in Russia, 155–156, 157

hatred in, 164–165

Home Army, 159, 163

intellectuals in (see people's democracies, intellectuals in) [on this page]

intelligentsia in (see intelligentsia)

Liberation Committee, 159, 160

literary ghetto, 109

literature, postwar, 125–126, 128–129, 163, 164

manhunts, 90

Metaphysical Ketman, as center of, 72

nationalism, 144, 145, 147

nobility, lower, lifestyle of, 140

partisans, 159

Peasant Party, 100, 169

poetry, wartime, 113

political parties (see the Party) [on this page]

politics, post-WW2, 104, 164–165, 166–167, 188

politics, pre-WW2, 86, 143–145, 146–148

social democrats, 146

Socialist Party, 169

socialist realism imposed, 106, 164

traditional drama, 47

Underground Army members, postwar fate of, 101, 102–103, 104

"underground state," 88, 89, 92–93, 96, 101

Union of Patriots, 154–155, 156, 157, 159

Warsaw, destruction of, 95–98, 160–161

Warsaw ghetto uprising, 184–185

Writer's Union, 172–173, 174

political parties. See the Party [on this page]

political passion, literature and, 130

politicians, literary, 151

Ponce de Leon, 223

Professional Ketman, 69–71

proletariat, 209, 217, 247

propertied class, 192

Prussians, 224, 225

Pushkin, Aleksandr Sergeyevich, 70