R

realism

in Greek art, 41

tragedy and, 142–143

religion

drama and, 180

in Greece, 32–33, 104, 173–183

mystery religions, 179–180

See also priests

Renaissance, Italian

art in, 40–41, 203

mind and spirit in, 203

romanticism, tragedy and, 142–143

Rome

Greece compared to, 15–16, 23, 67, 105–106, 203

mind and spirit in, 203

Russian literature, French literature compared to, 143

S

Salamis, 66, 105, 110, 116

Schopenhauer, Arthur, 140, 141, 157, 173

science, 28, 29, 31, 32, 203, 204–205

Shakespeare

Æschylus compared to, 149–152, 151–152, 186–189

Aristophanes compared to, 77–78

Euripides compared to, 189–192

Greek tragedies compared to his, 186, 200–201

individualism in, 180

poetic strength, 56

Sophocles compared to, 162, 164

slavery, 98–100, 168

Socrates

death, 29, 33–34

goodness and truth, 175, 181–183

ironic inconclusiveness, 75–76

party animal, 125–127

practical philosopher, 129

satirized by Aristophanes, 81–82

versatility, 72–74

Solon, 115–116, 118

Sophocles, 157–164

Æschylus compared to, 24, 159–161, 162, 163, 164

Electra, his, 194–195, 198

Euripides compared to, 168, 170, 172

Milton compared to, 162–163

Shakespeare compared to, 162, 164

versatility, 72

Sparta, 107, 109, 110, 112, 119–121, 123, 131

spirit. See mind and spirit

Stoics, 100, 202

symbolism, in art, 39–40, 42

Syracuse, defeat of Athenians at, 121

T

Tartuffe, 199–200

The Ten Thousand, 130–137

theater. See drama

Thebes, 62

Themistocles, 110–111

Thermopylæ, 66, 105, 109

Thucydides, 112–124

austerity, 61

rank among historians, 14

Xenophon compared to, 125–126, 128

tragedy

awe and pity without identification, 200–201

character types, unsuitable, 199

characters, simple and uncomplicated, 185–186, 192

its nature, views of, 138–144

sadness not the same as, 165

undeserved suffering, 155–156

Trojan Wars, 26, 168–169

Trollope, Anthony, Plato compared to, 69

truth, 18, 20, 36, 37, 178, 181

Tyrtæus, 119–120

U

Upanishads, 36, 37

W

war, 119, 154–155, 167–168

wealth, 114, 115, 129, 155

the West. See East and West

women, 126, 127–128, 170

writing. See Greek literature

X

Xanthippe, 126

Xenophon, 125–137

Thucydides compared to, 125–126, 128

Xerxes the Great, 108, 109, 110