N

nanotechnology, 161

nation-states

dominant values, 124

informationalism in, 128

in network society, 171–172

national research laboratories, innovation in, 175

NCSA Web server, [185n11], 214n11

Nelson, Ted, 162, [185n8], 188, 213n8

the Net

access, 130

defined, 185–186

freedom of speech, 90, 96–98

privacy, 98–10

Net Academy, 76–79, [78n24], 205n24

NetDay, 131

nethic, defined, 85

netiquette, 85, [85n1], 205n1

Netscape, [185n11], 214n11

Netscape Navigator, 185

network enterprises

characteristics, 24, [24n9], 197n9

dominant values, 123, 127

flexibility, 125

functioning, 168

goal orientation (determinacy) in, 125–126

informationalism in, 122, 128

money, 124–125

optimality, 126–127

result accountability, 125–126

stability, 127

network metaphor (human relationships as computer networks), 128, 129

network society

alternatives to, 170

contributing factors, 172–178

creativity, 169

defined, 166

dominant values, 124, 139

ethics, 129–132

hacker work ethic and, 7, 12–13, 177–178

hypertext in, 169–170

informationalism in, 122, 158

libertarian values, 173

nation-states in, 171–172

participation in, 130–131

personal development (PD), 121, 122, 128

politics, 170

scientific communism, 60–61

self-programming, 169

start-ups and, 176–177

structure, 167–170

survival in, 129, 131–132

time optimization in, 21, 25, 171

universities and research centers, 175

virtual reality in, 170

war and, 174–175

work in, 108

network state, in network society, 172

Network Working Group

history, [184n6], 212n6

open-source model, 183

networking (personal) in

leisure time, 28

working life, 24

networking (technical), ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) and, 175

networks, 166–168

newsgroups, 100

Nokia, 177

nonhierarchical organizational structures, 71–72

Nu Prometheus, 87

O

obedience in

monasteries, 10, 76

Protestant work ethic, 10, [10n19], 191n19

Office Hours (horas officiis)

defined, 35–36, [36n29], [36n30], 198n29, 198n30

in Protestant work ethic, 36–37

oikonomia, 118

Olsen, Ken, 187

OneWorld, 95

oNLine System, [185n8], 213n8

open academic model, 68–70, 73. See also information sharing

open architectures, IBM and, [188n16], 217n16

open-resource model, 80

open-source model

capitalism and, 58–61

characteristics, 57–58, 63–64, 67–68

Network Working Group, 183

Peterson, Chris, [59 21], 200n21

scientific ethic compared to, 180

vs. free software, 59, [59n21], 200n21

See also cathedral and bazaar; information sharing

openness, in hacker work ethic, 140

optimality in

network enterprises, 126–127

personal development (PD), 114–115

optimization. See process optimization [on this page]; time optimization

Oracle Corporation, 177

organized skepticism, 68

Out There News, 95

ownership, of information, 45

P

Painter, Mark, [185n11], 214n11

paradigms, 155–156

Paradise, 13, 14, 143

Paradise Lost (Milton), 143

passion

in academic world, 6, [6n9], 190n9

entertainment and, 6, 47

in hacker work ethic, 6, 18–19, 51, 53, 73, 139

in learning, 73

money and, 57

in Protestant work ethic, 51, 52, 57

peer recognition, in hacker work ethic, 51, 74

People's Computer Company, [188n14], 216n14

Perens, Bruce, 22n21, [59n21]

personal computer, development of, 186, 187

personal computer revolution, missed by IBM, 176

personal development (PD)

computer metaphor (humans as computers), 128–129

dominant values, 113–121, 123, 127

flexibility, 115–116

goal orientation (determinacy) in, 113–114, 121

industry (diligence) in, 117–118

money in, 118

in network society, 121, 122, 128

optimality in, 114–115

religious tone, 121

personal development (PD) (continued)

result accountability, 119–121

self-programming, 112–113

stability, 116–117

personal development (PD) practitioners, informationalism in, 128

personality testing of hackers, 103

Peter, Saint, 101

Peterson, Chris, and open-source model, 200n21

Pittman, Tom, 141

Plato, 6, [18n33], 33, [68n12], 76, [76n19], 195n33, 202n12, 203n19

playfulness in

hacker work ethic, 4, 18–19, 32

Protestant work ethic, 26

politics, in network society, 170

Porterfield, Keith, [185n11], 214n11

pre-Protestant work ethic

attitudes toward work, 13–15

creativity in, 142, 150

Genesis myth in, 149–150

hacker work ethic compared to, 18

leisure time (Sunday) in, [14n23], 149–150, 193n23

organization of time, 34–35, 37

Protestant work ethic compared to, 150

working life (Friday) in, 13–14

privacy

hackers and, 89, 102–106

the Net and, 98–102

organizations focused on, [89n8], 206n8

Privacy International, [89n8], 206n8

privatization, 173

process optimization in

leisure time, 28–29

working life, 24–25

productivity, 168, 173

profiling, 99–102

Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (Weber), 8, 20, 117, 123, 125

Protestant money ethic, 43–45

Protestant work ethic

capitalism and, [11n21], 20, 56, 61, 192n21

clocks in, 36

creativity, 142, 144

dominant values, 113, 139

duty, 8–9

Genesis myth in, 142–149

hacker work ethic compared to, 18

idleness, 143

joyfulness, 19

monasteries as precursor, 9

money, 20, [20n1], 196n1

obedience, 10, [10n19], 191n19

Office Hours (horas officiis), 36–37

organization of time, 29–30, 35–37

passion, 51, 52, 57

playfulness, 26

pre-Protestant work ethic compared to, 150

religion, 11

social life, 50–51, 52

social recognition, 57

survival, 49, 52

television and, 107–108

time in, 20–21

work-centeredness, 12, 16, 29–30, 44, 50–51

work in, 143–144

working life (Friday) in, 16, 149–150