T

TagMan, 220

Taiwan, 217, 303

tajdid (renewal) and islah (reform), 64–65

Tajikistan, 97, 99–100, 259

Taliban

Al Qaeda and, 12, 131, 262

bin Laden and, 94, 98, 297

China and, 106

diplomatic recognition of, 92

easy target, 28

India and, 97–98, 103

overthrow of, 94–95, 249, 262–263

Pakistan and, 92, 97, 101, 102, 262

rise of, 91–92

Russia and, 104

Saudi Arabia and, 97, 116, 117, 119, 262

Shi'a Muslims, treatment of, 98

U.S. support for, 97, 98

See also Afghanistan

Tanzania, American embassy bombing (1998)

Al Qaeda and, 1, 9, 93, 129, 135

bin Laden indictment, 115

Taraki, Nur Mohammed, 85

tawhid ("making one"), 64

Tenet, George, 147, 154, 199

terrorism

business with terrorists, 129, 136

causes, 71–72, 264–266

coordinated attacks, 6

deterrence and, 229

as a disease, 267

future of, 80–82, 209

goals, motivation, 5–6, 31

as governing strategy, 261

hatred in, 308

history of, 71–80, 199

incidence of, x, 4–5, 75, 200

lethality of, x, 4–7, 73–74, 225

prevention and, 229

religious fundamentalism, 75–77

"safe havens" for, 260

by Sikhs, 166

suicide attacks, 7–8, 9, 77–79, 209

See also counterterrorism; September 11, 2001, attacks; war on terrorism [on this page]

theater missile defenses, 234, 239, 240

transponders (in aircraft), 171–172

Trilateral Agreement (U.S., Russia, Ukraine), 228

Truman, Harry, 160

Tunisia, Islamists in, 17

Turkmenistan, 92, 98, 259

Turner Diaries (MacDonald), 72

two-MRC strategy, 244, 253

U

Ukraine, 228, 237

ulama (clergy, religious scholars), 18, 64, 110

Umar (caliph), 58

umma (universal Islamic community)

Al Qaeda and, 37

bin Laden and, 32–33, 40, 42, 51

clerical leadership of, 66

Hamas and, 46

political well-being of, 62–66

Salafis and, 44

U.N. Special Commission (UNSCOM), 212

unilateralism (of U.S.), 306

United Arab Emirates, 92, 141

United Kingdom, 86, 277, 295, 306

United States

in 1990s, 200

"a cultural disease" in, 86

in Afghanistan, 86

armed forces, 241–253, 256–257

border traffic, 187

cross-border trade, 189, 193–194

homeland security, xii, 183–197

Hubal (idol) of the age, 33–34

isolationism of, 289

Muslims in, 285, 288

Pax Americana (American hegemony), 15–30, 200, 305

preparedness, 199–209

religious diversity in, 284–287

Sikhs in, 285, 288

support for authoritarian regimes, xiii

support for Taliban, 97, 98

U.S. Air Force, 241–242, 245, 247

U.S. Army, 241, 242, 244

U.S. Border Patrol, 183, 205

U.S. Coast Guard, 183, 187, 189–190, 197, 205

U.S. Customs Service, 10, 189, 197, 202, 205

U.S. Department of Agriculture, 190

U.S. Department of Defense, 205, 222, 255

U.S. Department of Justice, 203, 255

U.S. Department of the Treasury, 205, 255

U.S. Department of Transportation, 170

U.S. Marine Corps, 242, 244, 245

U.S. Navy, 242, 244, 245, 247

U.S. Public Health Service, 223

U.S. State Department, 156, 157, 205, 255

U.S.S. Cole, attack on (2000)

Al Qaeda and, 2, 9–10, 94, 115

response to, 14

weakness exposed by, 20–21

Yemeni authorities and, 298

Urban II, Pope, 53

Uzbekistan, 97, 99–100, 248, 259

W

Wahhabism, 65, 91, 110–112, 121–122

war on terrorism, xi

as assault on Islam, 11, 14

Clinton and, 201

effect on government's role, 313

government agencies involved, 255

measures of success, 267

nature of, 29–30, 246–251

Pakistan in, 101–103

regime changes (overthrowing governments) as goal, 260

risks of, 97, 99–100, 107

strategy for, 94–95, 126–127

term "war" in, 204, 255

See also counterterrorism

weapons of mass destruction, 81, 225, 226, 227

weapons onboard aircraft, 173

Weiner, Tim, 145

Weiseltier, Leon, 29

welfare states, 309–310

the West

backlash against, 69–70, 77, 317

Islam and, 53–55, 62, 66–70, 315

Islamists and, 315–316

to Salafis, 39, 40

Wilson, Woodrow, 267, 307

Wohlstetter, Roberta, 159

Woolsey, James, 199–200

World Health Organization (WHO), 218, 223

World Trade Center, 1993 attack on, 5–6, 11, 16, 200

World Trade Center, 2001 attack on, 2

X

xenophobia, 19, 20

Xinjiang (China), 106

Y

Yemen, 21, 131, 298

Yousef, Ramzi, 5, 6, 11

Z

Zawahiri, Ayman, 35

Zionism, 39, 40, 43, 45–46