Q

quasi-peaceable stage of industry

characteristics, 40–41, 63–64, 196

class-based differentiation in consumption, 70

conspicuous leisure more important than conspicuous consumption, 92

consumption by leisure class unrestrained, 73

cultural predecessor of Western civilization, 196

cunning, chicanery the test of fitness, 236–237

hereditary present represented by, 216

leisure class established during, 39–40, 73

leisure class in compared to modern leisure class, 94–96

manners in, 46

personal servants in, 53–54, 63

productive labour shunned in, 39

slavery in, 40, 53–54

status in, 64, 196

R

race, 108, 110, 252, 392

religion

abstruse conceptions unsatisfactory to lower-class delinquents and sportsmen, 297

aptitude for, 108–109

believers, 300

church bazaars and raffles, 300–301

conspicuous waste in, 119–126, 307–308

devotional interests in non-invidious enterprises, 343–344

festive gatherings originate in, 76

God, 302

more consonant with predatory than industrial life, 330–331

"practical" religion, 299–300

sacred holidays, 309, 310

salvation, 107

Salvation Army, 298

secularisation, 321–322, 329–330

self-respect for the disesteemed, 30

sports related to, 294–295, 298–299, 301

supernatural vicarious leisure class (saints, angels, etc.), 317–318

in the United States, 322–330

vicarious leisure in, 122–123, 125, 126

young denominations, 316–317

See also anthropomorphism, anthropomorphic cults; devout observances; priests

reputability, standards of

conspicuous waste guides, 105

leisure class sets, 84, 104–105, 200

percolate top-down, 84

viability depends on usefulness to invidious comparison, 105

reputability of employments, hierarchy of, 231–232

repute. See honour, esteem

reserve (character trait), 112

romantic love, 109

rural society

peculiarly devout, 322

standards of decency lower than in cities, 87–89

Ruskin, John, 162

S

salvation, 107

Salvation Army, 298

"savages." See primitive culture

scheme of life

change agents in, 194–195

changes in, 195–196, 201–204

constituents, 190

defined, 194

development of aptitudes shaped by, 212, 220–221

institutions equated to, 191

leisure class, 197, 235, 246, 335–338, 340, 392

misfit with current situation, 191, 194

Western civilization's, 196–197

scholars, 113–114, 366, 367, 396

scholasticism, 387

sciences, 368, 382, 383, 386–388, 390

secularisation, 321–322, 329–330

self-esteem

from charitable efforts, 340–341

predatory traits accentuate, 301

religion the provider for the disesteemed, 30

servants enhance, 56

in sportsmen, 258

wealth or prowess a prerequisite, 30, 31, 37

servants. See personal servants

serviceability

affectations of, 137

affected by belief in animism, anthropomorphism, 282, 285

of competition, 262–263

a prerequisite for beauty, 151–153

unattractive if unaccompanied by wasteful expensiveness, 155, 157–158

settlement houses, 344

shaving, 186

shooting (the sport), 256, 258

slang, 400

slavery, slaves

from captive to private property, 27

instinct of workmanship bridled by, 93–94, 95

personal servants compared to, 63

in quasi-peaceable stage, 40, 53–54

slavery, slaves (continued)

subsistence minimum avoided using, 92

as wealth's prime source, 38

women as, 23

smoking, 89

snobbery

corsets in periods of, 185

mimicry of gentility, 50–51

social amelioration. See social work [on this page]

social change. See change, social change in

social evolution, 213. See also change, social change in

social inertia. See conservatism

social structure, evolution of, 188–189, 192

social work

emulation and pecuniary decency in, 350–352

by individuals, 348

leisure class organizations, effectiveness of, 343–344, 347–348

leisure class organizations, examples of, 339–342

not exempt from pecuniary emulation, 350

solidarity, human, 333

the South, devout observances in, 325–326

spiritual attitude, prevalent. See scheme of life [on this page]

spiritual needs, 85, 107–109, 168

sports

apologies for, 268–270

astuteness in, 274–275

fraud in, 274

growth parallels growth in wealth, 264

in industrial society, 272–273

to inferior classes, 272

instinct of sportsmanship, 270

instinct of workmanship satisfied by, 260

leisure class, lower-class delinquents addicted to, 271

leisure class, suitable employment for, 2, 3, 40

luck in, 279

manifestations of boyish and predatory temperaments, 255–273

motives for participation, 257–258, 259, 260

phases of animism displayed by, 296

religion related to, 294–295, 298–299, 301

See also individual sports

sportsmanship

in distinguishing areas of knowledge, 292

instinct of, 270

sportsmen

abstruse religious conceptions unsatisfactory, 297

animism, anthropomorphism in, 290

arrested spiritual development, 256

devout observances, 297–298

self-esteem, 258

spurious leisure class

gentle blood become, 76–77

origins, 42

standard of living. See decency, standard of

status

in anthropomorphic cults, 291–292, 301–302

class worthiness equated to, 376

codes of proprieties an expression of, 52

a consequence of predatory habits, 291

disintegration of, 332, 360, 361

an expression of instinct of workmanship, 292

in patronage function (Maecenas function), 382

in predatory stage, 301

in primitive culture, 289

in quasi-peaceable stage, 64, 196

regimes favored by postwar generations, 373

vicarious leisure made possible by, 66

stimulants, consumption of, 70–72, 107

subservience, defined, 342

subsistence, struggle for, 24, 26, 32

subsistence minimum

avoided by slavery, 92

consumption above, 73, 97

the necessaries of life, 107

surface appearances, 395–396

sympathy, 333

T

technicians, 329–330

temperance, 339

theft, 117–118

theory of life, prevalent. See scheme of life [on this page]

thrift

in inferior classes, 35–36

in predatory stage, 38–39

time, nonproductive consumption of, 43, 48–49

topiary art, 138

traits, 108, 222. See also archaic traits; predatory traits, predation

U

uniforms, 68, 78, 79–80, 182, 183

Unitarians, 290

United States, 248

colonial, 197–198

leisure class in, 325, 326

religion in, 322–330

Universalists, 290

unseen hand, 281, 285, 305

usefulness

test of impersonal, 98, 99

wastefulness overlaps, 100–101

utility. See serviceability [on this page]

V

vicarious consumption, 68, 77, 79–83, 120–122, 183, 312. See also conspicuous consumption; consumption

vicarious leisure

conspicuous consumption of service, 62, 63

drudgery originating in, 59

higher learning's origins, 364, 365

in higher learning's origins, 367

in holidays, 309–310

household duties as, 58–59, 66–67

importance, decline in, 64, 66

middle class housewives, 80–83, 96

in religion, 122–123, 125, 126

standards for, 61

status makes it possible, 66

of women, 352, 359

See also conspicuous leisure; leisure

vicarious leisure class, 59–60, 63, 80, 352. See also leisure class

vicarious leisure class, supernatural (saints, angels, etc.), 317–318

W

wage labour, 73, 94

waists, constricted, 149

walking sticks, 265

war, warfare

class differences in attitude regarding, 247–249

conservatism of postwar generations, 373

honour, esteem conferred by, 247

in industrial society, 248

leisure class, suitable employment for, 1, 2, 40, 247

a pecuniary employment, 231

predatory, not productive, 40, 79, 247

pseudo-military organizations of boys, 255

repute from vs. repute from wealth, 30

using its terminology a symptom of make-believe, 256–257

waste

common to conspicuous leisure and conspicuous consumption, 85

customary expenditures often purely wasteful, 102–103

defined, 97–98

instinct of workmanship counteracts, 93, 98–99

offensive to native taste, 176

usefulness overlaps, 100–101

See also conspicuous waste

wealth

chronic dissatisfaction with, 31–32

distribution of, 267

growth paralleled by growth in sports, 264

honour from, 26, 28–31, 36–37, 85

incentives for accumulating, 24–25, 32–34, 112

influence on higher learning, 371–372, 374

inherited, 29

personal servants evidence of, 56–57, 59, 62–63

in predatory stage, 38

prerequisite for self-esteem, 30, 31, 37

Western civilization

ethnic types in, 214

scheme of life in, 196–197

women

ameliorative work by, 341–342

in barbarian cultures, 2–3, 4–5, 14, 22–24, 53–57

beauty in, 146–149

as chattel, 22–24, 53–54, 71, 83, 180–182

consumption by, 71–73

defined, 14

devout observances in, 323–325, 342–343

diligence of, 5

dress of, 171–172, 179–183

drudgery in their lives, 358–359

exemption from productive labour, 54–56, 352

in higher learning, 375–377

households their purview, 179–180

housewives in peaceable stage of industry, 96

industrial employment, importance to its origins, 4–5

leisure class, 54–58, 80, 180, 335–336, 338, 341, 342, 353

leisure of, 57–58

lower class, 83

middle class, 80–83, 84, 96

as personal servants, 57, 60

in predatory stage, 69

their life as man's life at the second remove, 356

their position an index of a community's level of culture, 356

their welfare an excuse for theft, 118

vicarious leisure related to, 352, 359

See also girls

women's movement, 353–361

work. See labour

working class, 4. See also inferior classes

workmanship, instinct of. See instinct of workmanship

worth. See honour, esteem

Y

yachting, 94, 255