J

Julius Caesar. See Caesar

Juvenal

his character, 165, 167

Horace compared to, 164–165, 167

life, 163–164

Rome, his depiction of, 162–163, 164–165

women, satire about, 165–166

L

Laelius, 41

Latin literatures. See Roman literature [on this page]

law, 131–133

literature. See Roman literature [on this page]

Livy

influence, 143, 153–154

Polybius compared to, 153, 176

years Rome spent at war, 129

Lucretia, popular tale of, 33

Lucretius, 95

M

Maecenas, 105, 120, 123

Marcus Aurelius, 161, 162

Mark Antony. See Antony, Mark

Martial, 130, 170

Menander, 15, 38–39, 45

New Comedy and, 17–19

Messalina, 169

modern world, Rome compared to

double standard, presence of, 33–34, 149–150

escape from reality into romanticism, 139

frank vs. more frank, 33

gender in the foreground, 36

horrors hidden vs. horrors visible, 139

religion as power of good to conquer evil, 172–173

romanticism supersedes classicism, 33

satisfaction with the average, 39

sentimentality appealing, 36–37, 155

women exalted above men, 36

women's purity exalted, 36

Molière, 48

N

Necessity (fate), 126–127

Nero, 167, 168, 169

New Comedy (Greek), 17–19

novels, germ in Terence's comedies, 48

O

Old Comedy (Greek), 15–17

P

Paul, Saint, 132–133, 142, 171

Pericles, 17

Plautus

domestic drama, cofounder of, 19–20

domestic dramas, his, 23–27, 28–33, 34–36, 37

a mirror of his times, 15

preacher, 116

Roman literature, beginning of, 14

Shakespeare borrows from, 20–21, 48

Terence compared to, 40–49

Plutarch, 87, 176

poets, English, nature dearer to than mistresses, 94

Polybius

his history, 50–51

Livy compared to, 153, 176

Pompeia, 54–55

Pompey

Caesar, relationship with, 69, 76–77

his character, 71

Cicero, relationship with, 75, 80, 87

First Triumvirate, 53

on Mark Antony, 69

Poppaea, 169–170

Portia, 69, 71

Publius Claudius, surnamed Pulcher (Clodius), 54–57, 74–75, 90

R

religion

Christianity, 172–173

public vs. private, 136

in Roman Empire, 113

Stoicism and, 171–174

Roman comedy

audience, 32, 38–39, 48

common life, reflection of, 15–22

cuckolds absent from, 32

double standard in, 33–34

fathers in, 28–29, 42

foreign settings of, 21

hen-pecked husbands in, 29

the Mother in, 27

origin, 13–15

Roman literature, the root of, 13–15

slaves in, 37–38

translations, unsuitability of word-by-word, 24n

young lovers in, 36–37

Roman Empire

aristocracy, fate of, 119

baths, cleanliness, 123

citizenship, 133

decline and fall, 161–162, 164, 175, 177–178

despotism, 53, 127

drunkenness, 125–126

First Triumvirate, 53

food, 122

inner and outer worlds unrelated, 119

money reigns, 119–122

nostalgia for the Republic, 176–177

proletariat, 118

religion, 113

slavery, 125, 174

society in, compared to Greece, 118–119, 122–124, 126, 128, 130, 133, 135–137, 149–150, 172

society in, opposing views of, 162–163, 164–171, 174–175

Roman literature

censorship of, 21–22

comedy (see Roman comedy) [on this page]

decline of, 161

English literature compared to, 94

Greek literature compared to, 13–14, 27, 33–36, 38–39, 44–45, 116, 121–122, 134–135, 146–152, 156–160

late flowering, 14

money in, 121–122

Roman literature (continued)

origin in comedy, 13–15

passionless, 127

patriotism in, 115

preaching in, 115–116

romanticism, turn toward, 139–140

satire invented, 41

Roman Republic

deterioration of, 50–58

stereotypical Republican, 23

Romans

beauty, attitude toward, 135, 136, 139

coarseness, 123–124, 127–128

death, attitude toward, 151–152

dull respectability, 38

duty and pleasure opposed, 172

family life, 27, 28–29, 68

fatalists, 126–127

glory, attitude toward, 151

goodness wedded to patriotism, 51

heroism and, 134, 150–151, 152

life-threatening danger, enjoyment of, 38

mediocrity, love of, 39

order, love of, 22, 126, 129–130

Pater Familias, 28–29

Patria Potestas, 28

patriotism and, 134

politics important to, 51

practical bent, 14, 136–137, 138–139, 172

religion of, 136

religious, not philosophical, 172

savage nature, 129–130

seriousness, 135

size counts, 135–136

spectacles, fondness for, 130–131

stereotypical, 13, 23

war and, 129

wealth, attitude toward, 53

women (see women)

romanticism

classicism compared to, 141–142, 143, 146–152

defined, 138

Europe dominated by, 143

Roman literature's turn toward, 139–140

sentimentality and, 155, 156

Rome

art of, 134–138

Athens compared to, 128

divorce, 68

Empire (see Roman Empire) [on this page]

founding, 14

greatness, 129

Greece compared to, 22

law in, 131–133

legacy, 15, 49, 172

literature of (see Roman literature) [on this page]

modern world compared to (see modern world, Rome compared to) [on this page]

people (see Romans) [on this page]

religion, 136

Republican (see Roman Republic) [on this page]

slavery, 20, 37–38